An Education in Terror,Senapati – Insurgent Sanctuary :: South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR),Vol. No. 9.15
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SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 9, No. 15, October 18, 2010

Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the
South Asia Terrorism Portal


ASSESSMENT

 

PAKISTAN
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An Education in Terror
Tushar Ranjan Mohanty
Research Assistant, Institute for Conflict Management

Doctor Muhammad Farooq Khan, a renowned religious scholar and Vice Chancellor (VC) of the Swat Islamic University, was shot dead on October 2, 2010, by Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants at his private clinic in the Defence Colony area of Mardan town in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP, formerly Known as North West Frontier Province). Claiming responsibility for the assassination, the spokesman of the Swat chapter of TTP, Umar Hassan Erabi, on October 3, declared, "Dr. Farooq was propagating against the TTP and had written anti-Taliban books." Farooq was also running a rehabilitation centre for 175 rescued suicide bombers who had been trained by the TTP in the Swat District.

Earlier, on September 7, 2010, the VC of the Islamia College University in the KP provincial capital, Peshawar, and cousin of Awami National Party (ANP) chief Asfandyar Wali Khan, Doctor Ajmal Khan, was abducted by TTP militants along with his driver, from the Professors’ Colony area of the University campus, while on his way to office. The TTP claimed responsibility for Doctor Ajmal Khan’s abduction. Umar Farooq, the spokesperson of the Abdullah Azzam Brigade, a TTP sub-group, later claimed responsibility for the incident. On October 14, the TTP released a video in which the VC appealed to the Government to accept the rebels' demands to secure his release. An unnamed intelligence official in Peshawar said the Professor was being held hostage in one of the lawless tribal areas, where authorities had no access. At the time of writing, Professor Khan remained in captivity.

On November 6, 2009, the VC of Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Doctor Lutfullah Kakakhel, was abducted from Darra Adam Khel in KP. He was, however, released on June 22, 2010 after the Government, according to unconfirmed reports, released three militant ‘commanders’, including a close aide of Tariq Afridi. Earlier, the Tariq Afridi group of TTP, Darra Adamkhel chapter, claiming responsibility for the abduction, had demanded the release of 60 militants then in the custody of the Armed Forces. After some time, the TTP, alleging that 27 of the militants had been killed in custody and their dead bodies thrown in a graveyard in Darra Adamkhel, demanded PKR 50 million and the release of four top ‘commanders’ to free the VC.

These incidents are only indicative of a wider TTP campaign to destroy institutions that propagate any ideas opposed to their own across KP and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), with the intimidation extended, not only to institutions of higher education, but to all schools as well. The apparent justification advanced is that these institutions are being targeted to counter the Army’s operations against the militants. Maulvi Omar, spokesman of the TTP, Bajaur chapter, on February 19, 2009, thus warned, "We would take action and destroy all the buildings of educational institutions if Security Forces continued their operation against our fighters." In reality, however, the targeting of educational institutions touches the very core of the TTP’s drive for radicalization across areas of their disruptive dominance.

Unsurprisingly, TTP militants have targeted schools across KP and FATA. An October 6 Dawn report quoted official sources as saying that 700 schools, most of them for girls, were targeted and damaged in different parts of KP over the past two years. Militants destroyed some 400 schools in the Swat Valley alone. In the latest of a series of such attacks, unidentified militants blew up a girls' primary school at Mashokhel and a boys' primary school at Shaikhan villages of Peshawar in the night of October 8, 2010. Media reports also indicate that at least 240 schools were destroyed during this period in the three agencies of FATA – Bajaur Agency (98), Khyber Agency (86) and Mohmand Agency (56). In a single series of such incidents, on October 9, 2010, unidentified militants blew up three Government-run schools in the Safi tehsil of Mohmand Agency (FATA).

Partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP) documents at least 52 schools – 25 for Girls and 17 for boys – destroyed in 33 incidents in 2009; and 28 – 13 for girls and 15 for boys – in 22 such incidents in 2010. Similarly, in FATA, a total of 28 schools – 14 each for girls and boys - were destroyed in 25 incidents in 2009; and 44 – 31 for boys and 13 for girls – in 44 such incidents in 2010.

During these attacks, TTP militants have also killed school children and teachers. In one such incident on September 2, 2010, a female teacher was killed and two of her colleagues were wounded, when masked militants opened fire in the Bajaur Agency of FATA. On April 19, 2010, a bomb explosion outside a school run by a Police welfare foundation in Peshawar killed a boy and injured eight others. Earlier, on April 27, 2009, 12 children were killed when a bomb hidden in a football, left near the compound wall of a girls' school in Dir District (KP), exploded. On April 6, 2009, two female teachers, an education aid worker and their driver, were shot dead in Mansehra District (KP).

Such is the fear that at least 205 primary schools for girls have shut down in different parts of KP, sources in the Elementary and Secondary Education (E&SE) department told Dawn: "Most of the closed schools are in the militancy-hit Districts, Frontier Regions (FR) and the areas located adjacent to the tribal belt." The schools that have been closed down include 21 in Peshawar, 36 in Thor Ghar, 54 in Swat, 16 in Bannu, 56 in Shangla, 16 in Hangu, five in Dera Ismail Khan and one in Kohat. The closure of these schools has deprived thousands of girl students of education.

The militants have openly declared themselves to be against the education of girls. In a campaign led by Maulana Fazlullah, the Swat TTP chief, the TTP exhorted people to stop sending their daughters to schools, which "inculcate Western values". Hundreds of girls and women teachers quit schools as a result. The TTP Swat chapter, on December 25, 2008, ordered the closure of all girls’ schools in the District and warned parents and teachers of dire consequences if the ban was flouted. In an announcement made in mosques and broadcast over their illegal radio FM channels (popularly known as "Radio Mullah") the militants set a deadline of January 15, 2009, for its order to be obeyed, failing which they would blow up school buildings and attack schoolgirls. "Female education is against Islamic teachings and spreads vulgarity in society," Shah Dauran, second in command of TTP’s Swat Chapter, declared. Unsurprisingly, some 400 private schools in Swat announced the termination of girls’ education in their institutions, depriving more than 40,000 students of this basic right. Moreover, 84,248 girl students of State-run schools also faced difficulty in attending schools due to the fear of attack, despite attempts by the local administration to keep the system running.

Meanwhile, reports indicate that the Swat District, where the militants had complete control some time ago, and where they are again re-grouping, has 842 boys’ and 490 girls’ State schools for 300,000 children aged 3 to 9. Only 163,645 boys and 67,606 girls are actually enrolled at State and private establishments in the District, according to official figures. The February 2010 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) report said that, three years ago, more than 120,000 girls attended schools and colleges in the region, which has a population of 1.8 million. Now only about 40,000 are enrolled. According to an official in the Swat education department, who asked not to be named to avoid becoming a target for militants, "More than 30 percent [of the] girls dropped out of educational institutions in 2006 and 2007 due to speeches of [militant leader] Mullah Fazlullah on his FM radio, against girls' education... Half of the remaining girls dropped out or could not attend their studies due to attacks on their schools and colleges. Most of these schools are totally destroyed. Only 15 or 16 among them were partially damaged and could be repaired."

The destruction of education system also serves the extremists’ objective of widening the recruitment pool for their jihad. The Times in a July 27, 2009, report, stated that Pakistan's Army believes that up to 1,500 boys as young as 11 years old were abducted from schools and madrassas (seminaries) and trained in Swat by the TTP to become suicide bombers. Many were also used to carry out attacks on United States and NATO forces in neighbouring Afghanistan. Of two rescued recruits interviewed by The Times, one Murad Ali, aged 13, said he was studying in class five when he was abducted; the other, Abdul Wahab, aged 15, said he had been lured from classes in a madrassa. Both were taken from Mingora in Swat Valley, to a mountain base in Chuprial, where they underwent 16 hours a day of physical exercise and psychological indoctrination. They were rescued when Army operations forced the Taliban to abandon their camps. A Reuters report in July 28, 2009, indicated that 12 boys had been rescued from suicide training camps in KP. Another report by Press TV the same month claimed that as many as 200 boys aged 6 to 13 had been rescued. US and Pakistani officials said children as young as 7 were being sold by the TTP to other militants and armed groups, for use as suicide bombers. The rate quoted was USD 7,000 to USD 14,000.

Worse, Pakistan's poor public education system helps stoke militancy, while the religious schools often cited as a cause of extremism appear to present a limited risk factor, according to a report by the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank. "The way the education system is set up is contributing to support militancy," states Rebecca Winthrop of the Centre for Universal Education at Brookings. Education statistics in Pakistan are "sobering" – just 54 per cent of the population is able to read and 6.8 million children between the ages of 5 and 9 are not in school. Less than a quarter of girl’s complete elementary school and only one-third of Pakistani children get a secondary education, with many dropping out. Corinne Graff, the conflict specialist at Brookings Institution, notes, "The data shows that lack of access to schooling is a risk factor for conflict or militancy. We know that Pakistan has extremely limited access (to education)."

Conspicuously, the education system which is under militant fire needs to be strengthened. Rajiv Shah, who heads the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) observes, "… Improvements in education are critical to reducing violence." USAID's total education budget in Pakistan for fiscal year 2010 is USD 335 million – with USD 265 million for basic education and the remainder for higher education. USAID is helping to rebuild damaged schools in the conflict-affected areas of FATA and KP. Since 2002, USAID has invested USD 682 million for education projects in Pakistan. The US has also promised to put more money into improving education in Pakistan and has made it a focus of the US 1.5 billion in non-military aid allocated annually by Congress for Pakistan over the next five years. Unfortunately, reports suggest that a substantial proportion of these funds are diverted by corrupt officials, or are wasted in the prevailing anarchy of these regions. In any event, it will always take much longer to build or rebuild a school, than it takes to blow it up.

INDIA
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Manipur
Senapati – Insurgent Sanctuary
Sandipani Dash
Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

Manipur remains the most violent State in India’s troubled Northeast, with all its nine Districts (four in the Valley and five in the Hills ) marred by varying degrees of extremist activities. The Senapati District, located in the Hills region, has been a focus of continuous subversion and violence in the multiple insurgencies that have engulfed the whole of Manipur for the past 46 years.

The South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP) database records that at least 128 persons have been killed in 110 militancy-related incidents in Senapati over the period 2001-2010 (till October 17). This includes 88 insurgents, 31 civilians and nine Security Force (SF) personnel. The past five years have seen a substantial spurt in fatalities, particularly among insurgents, and significantly as a result of fratricidal turf wars.

Insurgency related Fatalities in Senapati: 2001–2010

Year
Civilians
SFs
Insurgents
Total
Incidents
2001
7
0
0
7
3
2002
0
0
4
4
2
2003
0
0
10
10
2
2004
2
0
2
4
3
2005
4
0
4
8
8
2006
8
1
7
16
14
2007
4
7
22
33
25
2008
0
1
27
28
20
2009
6
0
8
14
16
2010*
0
0
4
4
17
*Data till October 17
Source: SATP

Located in the northern part of Manipur, the Senapati District is surrounded on the east by Ukhrul, on the west by Tamenglong, on the north by the Phek District of Nagaland, and on the south by Imphal East and Imphal West Districts. 80 percent of its 3,271 square kilometer area is covered by forests. The District’s landscape consists of blue hills, green valleys, serpentine streams and rivers flowing through mountains, and deep gorges. The District is inhabited by Kuki, Tangkhul Naga, Mao, Maram, Poumai, Thangal, Zemai, Liangmai, Roungmei, Metei, Nepalese, Vaiphei, Chothe, Chiru and Maring communities. Its population of 379,214 is administered under six Sub-Divisions, five Police Stations and two Police Outposts.

With its substantial Kuki population, the Kuki insurgency constitutes the principal facet of the conflict dynamic in Senapati. 19 Kuki outfits under two umbrella organizations – the Kuki National Organisation (KNO) and the United People’s Front (UPF) – have signed a Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement with the Union Government since August 2005. However, there has been little progress in containing the Kuki militancy in the Manipur Hills, and Senapati is no exception. ‘Area domination’ exercise carried out by warring Kuki groups have resulted in relentless internecine clashes. At least 42 cadres of the Kuki armed groups were killed and 14 others injured in as many as 16 internecine clashes in Senapati District in 2005-2010 (till October 14).

Some of the major (resulting in three or more than three killings) fratricidal clashes among Kuki armed group in Senapati District include:

February 22, 2008: Five Kuki Revolutionary Army (KRA) militants were abducted and subsequently killed by suspected militants of the Kuki Liberation Army (KLA) at an unspecified place along the road leading to Thangal Surung from Ekou Bazar under Saikul Police Station.

May 25, 2008: Four KLA militants and one KRA cadre were killed during an internecine clash at New Saikhul under Saikhul Police Station.

June 9, 2008: Two Kuki National Army (KNA) cadres and one KRA cadre were killed during a factional clash between the two outfits at Molkon village under Saikul Police Station.

June 12, 2008: Three KNA cadres were killed during a factional clash with the KRA at Molkon village under Saikul Police Station. An India Reserve Battalion (IRB) trooper was also killed in the crossfire.

December 18, 2007: Three suspected Kuki National Front (KNF) cadres belonging to the Prithvi faction were killed and five others wounded by KLA militants during a factional clash at Zoulen village under Saikul Police Station.

March 13, 2007: Six militants belonging to the KNA were killed while one sustained injuries in a factional fight with the KNF at Phaijang village.

October 21, 2006: Three suspected KNA cadres were killed in an attack by militants belonging to the KRA at Ekou under Saikul Police Station.

December 15, 2005: Four militants were killed in a clash between the KNA and the Prithvi faction of the KNF at the Koubru Hill Range under Gamnom Sapermeina Police Station.

Since Senapati is abutted by the two Valley Districts, Imphal West and Imphal East, on the south, there has, at times, been an overflow of its intra-Kuki fights beyond the District border. On July 21, 2010, for instance, at least 18 militants were killed and four were injured in a gun battle between combined cadres of the KLA and KRA, on the one side, and the Prithvi faction of the KNF, on the other, in the Seijang Hill area in Imphal East, bordering the Senapati District.

Senapati figures in the projected territory of Nagalim conceived of by the National Socialist Council of Nagaland–Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM), the principal militant formation that purports to champion the Naga cause. Since the District has a sizable Tangkhul Naga population and hosts several Naga community groups, including the All Naga Students' Association Manipur (ANSAM) and the United Naga People’s Council (UNPC), sympathetic to the NSCN-IM’s agenda, the area has become a major operational area for Naga insurgents. The NSCN-IM’s activities in Senapati are easier since the Naga-inhabited areas are located in the Hills, and the region that has remained largely immune to the direct control of the Valley-centric Manipur Government. An unauthorised camp of the NSCN-IM – established prior to the 1997 cease-fire between the Naga group and the Union Government in Nagaland – continues to exist at Bonning in Senapati District. The NSCN-IM, in fact, engages in a variety of insurgency-related offences, including exortion, abduction, killing and the transfer of men and material, across the District.

Some important NSCN-IM related incidents in Senapati include:

May 18, 2010: A suspected NSCN-IM cadre was killed while the bomb he was planting under a bridge along the stretch of the Imphal-Mao section of the National Highway (NH)-39 in Senapati District blew up.

February 17, 2009: The dead bodies of an Ukhrul District official and two of his subordinates, who were killed by the NSCN-IM cadres due to their failure to pay ransom, were recovered in Senapati District.

January 2, 2009: 15 empty gas tankers on the way to Assam to collect cooking gas were turned back by some self-proclaimed NSCN-IM cadres at Maram in Senapati District, in connection with extraction of ‘tax’.

July 17, 2008: The NSCN-IM in the Shepoumaramth region ‘decreed’ that no contractors or agencies from the Valley area would be allowed to take up any work order in the Hill areas of Senapati District, while contractors or agencies in the hill areas should not seek any work order in the Valley area.

May 8, 2008: Many Manipur Government offices under the Deputy Commissioner of Senapati District closed down and some staff of other offices stopped attending office following a NSCN-IM diktat.

December 14, 2006: Two school children were abducted and subsequently killed by the NSCN-IM militants in Senapati District.

September 14, 2005: A NSCN-IM 'deputy secretary' was arrested along with three other persons following the recovery of 15,000 kilograms of narcotics, estimated at INR 150 million in the international market, which were procured from Senapati District and ferried to Dimapur in Nagaland.

March 27, 2002: Five SFs and a civilian were injured in an NSCN-IM attack at a place between Lairou and Karong villages in Senapati District on the NH-39.

The NSCN-IM has managed to keep its supremacy intact in Senapati by taking advantage of its demographic susceptibilities. On May 6, 2010, two students belonging to the Naga community were killed and 80 were injured during clashes between protestors and the Manipur Police at the Mao Gate area in Senapati. The protestors were trying to break the Police barricade to demand safe passage for the NSCN-IM ‘general secretary’ Thuingaleng Muivah, who planned to visit his native Somdal village in the neighbouring Ukhrul District, passing through Mao Gate along the Manipur-Nagaland provincial border. The Manipur Government constituted a magisterial inquiry into the death of the two youth, but violent protests and counter-protests had virtually paralysed normal life across the State. NH-39 (92 kilometers of which pass through Senapati, from the south end to the north end) and NH-53 were completely choked during a 68-day long economic blockade orchestrated by ANSAM and UNPC at the instigation of the NSCN-IM in April-June 2010, inflicting a loss of about INR two billion per day.

Senapati remains an easy space for mobilization by armed groups operating in the Manipur Hills and beyond. Given the tricky terrain, vulnerable demography and strategic location, as well as the patchy presence of the administration and SFs in the region, there is little scope of choking off the operations of violent sub-national movements in the District.


NEWS BRIEFS

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia
October 11-17, 2010

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

Total

BANGLADESH

 

Left-wing Extremism

0
0
5
5

INDIA

 

Assam

0
0
1
1

Jammu and Kashmir

0
1
5
6

Manipur

1
0
1
2

Left-wing Extremism

 

Chhattisgarh

0
2
2
4

West Bengal

2
0
0
2

Total (INDIA)

3
3
9
15

PAKISTAN

 

Balochistan

2
0
0
2

FATA

8
5
23
36

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2
1
12
15

Total (PAKISTAN)

12
6
35
53
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.


INDIA

Al Qaeda and LeT had planned attacks targeting CWG village, venues and a five-star hotel in New Delhi on October 12 and 13, indicate reports: The al Qaeda and the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) had planned to carry out attacks through ‘multiple shoot-outs' targeting the Commonwealth Games (CWG) village, sports venues and a five-star hotel in New Delhi specifically on October 12 and 13. Times of India, October 16, 2010.

LeT operative David Coleman Headley's wives forewarned FBI of 26/11: Two of the three wives of Pakistani-American David Coleman Headley forewarned the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the November 26, 2008, Mumbai terrorist attacks (also known as 26/11), the US media reported. Headley's American wife had given the FBI in New York a tip-off on his Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) links in 2005, while his Moroccan wife, Faiza Outalha, had told authorities in the US embassy in Islamabad, less than a year before the Mumbai attacks, that the Pakistani-American was plotting a terror strike. The Hindu, October 18, 2010.

More Districts of West Bengal want LWE-affected status: The Police and local administrations of Birbhum, Nadia and Murshidabad Districts submitted a report to the State Home Department requesting that some Police Stations in their Districts should be brought under the ambit of Left Wing Extremism (LWE)-affected areas, considering the increased activities of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) there. Indian Express, October 15, 2010.

Centre names three interlocutors to hold sustained dialogue with all sections of people in Jammu and Kashmir: The Centre, on October 13, named three interlocutors to hold a sustained dialogue with all sections of people in Jammu and Kashmir. Noted journalist Dilip Padgaonkar, Information Commissioner M. M. Ansari and Delhi Policy Group trustee Radha Kumar have been entrusted with undertaking a sustained dialogue "to understand their problems and chart a course for the future," an official release said. Daily Excelsior, October 14, 2010.

NIA to interrogate NSCN-IM chief arms procurer Anthony Shimray: The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was allowed by a Delhi Court to interrogate National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah’s (NSCN-IM) chief arms procurer Anthony Shimray, who is in custody for 14 days. He was arrested from Patna (Bihar) on October 2. Telegraph India, October 13, 2010.


NEPAL

UN urges swift moves to meet peace process deadline: The Under Secretary General for Political Affairs of the United Nations (UN), B. Lynn Pascoe urged on October 14 that swift action to overcome Nepal’s political impasse is required if the Asian nation is to meet the January 2011 deadline to wrap up its stalled peace process. Kantipur online, October 16, 2010.

Prachanda to head task force formed to forge consensus on statute-drafting: The Unified Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (UCPN-M) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda was appointed coordinator of a seven-member task force formed to iron out differences on the contentious issues that remain in Constitution drafting. Nepal News, October 14, 2010.


PAKISTAN

23 militants and eight civilians among 36 persons killed during the week in FATA: At least nine militants were killed when US drones launched two missile strikes in two villages along the Afghanistan border near Mir Ali in the North Waziristan Agency (NWA) of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on October 15. In addition, four members of a tribal lashkar (militia) and three Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants were killed as clashes broke out in the Kasha area of Orakzai Agency. Also, five soldiers were killed in a TTP attack on Talab check post in mountainous Sararogha area, some 50 kilometres northeast of Wana, in South Waziristan Agency.

US drones launched four missile strikes at a house and two vehicles in the Dattakhel area of NWA near the Afghanistan border in the evening of October 13, killing 11 militants, including three foreigners. Separately, unidentified militants killed three anti-TTP tribal elders tasked with protecting their areas from insurgents in the Bazai area of Mohmand Agency. Dawn; Daily Times; The News, 12-18, 2010.

TTP second-in-command Qari Hussain killed in drone attack in FATA: The ‘master trainer’ of suicide bombers and second-in-command of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Qari Hussain Mehsud, is reported to have been killed in the October 4 US drone attack in Mir Ali town of North Waziristan Agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). However, TTP spokesman Azam Tariq on October 16 contradicted news reports about Qari Hussain’s death and described it as part of a campaign to demoralise the TTP. Daily Times; Dawn, October 16-18, 2010.

Pakistan ‘frees’ Afghan Taliban supremo Mullah Baradar: Pakistan freed the ‘Supreme commander’ of Taliban in Afghanistan, Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, to enable him to play a pivotal role in back-channel talks with the US, through the Pakistani Army. Dawn, October 16, 2010.

TTP plans poisonous gas attacks, say intelligence reports: Intelligence reports suggest that Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) militants plan to use poisonous gas in attacks. Reports said that the terrorists could target sensitive installations, important buildings, busy shopping malls, markets, public places, mosques and other places of worship. Daily Times, October 16, 2010.

Strike out terrorist safe havens in North Waziristan, says US Defence Secretary Robert Gates to Pakistan: The US Defence Secretary Robert Gates asked Pakistan to take action against the terrorist safe havens in North Waziristan Agency as soon as possible, which is said to be critical for the war against terrorism in Afghanistan.

Meanwhile Pakistan, on October 15, made it clear that a decision on "when, how and what [should be done]" would be made by Islamabad. Indian Express; The Hindu, October 14-16, 2010.


SRI LANKA

LLRC calls for Terrorist Investigation Department report: The Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC) sought a report from the Terrorist Investigation Department (TID) over the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) suspects in detention in a week’s time.

Meanwhile, over 500 former LTTE cadres, who successfully completed their rehabilitation program at the Vavuniya rehabilitation centre, were handed over to their parents on October 15. The Government plans to release another 2,000 rehabilitated former LTTE cadres next month. Over 11,000 ex-LTTE cadres surrendered to the Security Forces during the final stages of the Eelam War IV and they were being rehabilitated at centres in Vavuniya. Daily News, October 16, 2010.


The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal.

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